Christianity is the predominant religion in the city, of which the Russian Orthodox Church is the most popular. Moscow is Russia's capital of Orthodox Christianity, which has been the country’s traditional religion and was deemed a part of Russia's "historical heritage" in a law passed in 1997.[114] The Patriarch of Moscow serves as the head of the church and resides in the Danilov Monastery.

Moscow was called the "city of 1600 churches" - "город сорока сороков церквей" - prior to 1917. In 1918 Russia became a secular state and religion lost its position in society. Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 many of the destroyed churches have been restored and traditional religions are gaining popularity.

Other religions practiced in Moscow include Islam (1.5 million Muslims are thought to live in the city, many from countries previously a part of the Soviet Union), Protestants, Old-believers, Single-believers and Judaism.

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