Thirty-four constitutional changes voted on by parliament on 19 March 2007 prohibit parties from using religion as a basis for political activity; allow the drafting of a new anti-terrorism law to replace the emergency legislation in place since 1981, giving police wide powers of arrest and surveillance; give the president power to dissolve parliament; and end judicial monitoring of election.[41] As opposition members of parliament withdrew from voting on the proposed changes, it was expected that the referendum would be boycotted by a great number of Egyptians in protest of what has been considered a breach of democratic practices.
Eventually it was reported that only 27% of the registered voters went to the polling stations under heavy police presence and tight political control of the ruling National Democratic Party. It was officially announced on 27 March 2007 that 75.9% of those who participated in the referendum approved of the constitutional amendments introduced by President Mubarak and was endorsed by opposition free parliament, thus allowing the introduction of laws that curb the activity of certain opposition elements, particularly Islamists.
The Egyptian military, which receives billions of dollars of aid from the United States, remains the most powerful institution in Egypt. It has dozens of factories manufacturing weapons as well as consumer goods, and it exempts itself from laws that apply to other sectors in the country.[34]
President Mubarak is reportedly unlikely to stand for office when his present term expires in 2011. His likely handpicked successor to the office is his son Gamal Mubarak, and his choice, as the governing party's candidate, is all but certain to ascend to power notwithstanding the popular vote. The real struggle for power generally occurs behind the scenes as the candidate of the National Democratic Party all but certainly become president. The Egyptian military has displayed its power in the legal system and, since it may not be entirely pleased by the ascent of Gamal Mubarak to the throne, could work behind the scenes to prevent his succession.[34]
The CIA World Factbook states that the legal system is based on Islamic and civil law (particularly Napoleonic codes); and that the judicial review takes place by a Supreme Court, which accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction only with reservations.
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Mon Jul 11, 2011 7:36 am by chandra132
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